Title: Tensile Properties of Concrete Reinforced with Fibre from Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunch: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Abstract: This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research conducted on the tensile properties of concrete reinforced with fibre derived from empty oil palm fruit bunches. The utilization of natural fibres as reinforcement in concrete has gained significant attention due to their potential to enhance the mechanical properties and sustainability of concrete structures. This review explores the various studies conducted on the topic, focusing on the effects of incorporating empty oil palm fruit bunch fibre on the tensile strength, toughness, and crack resistance of concrete. Additionally, it discusses the influence of fibre content, aspect ratio, and surface treatment on the overall performance of the reinforced concrete.

1. Introduction: 1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Scope of the Review

2. Methodology: 2.1 Search Strategy 2.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 2.3 Data Extraction and Analysis

3. Overview of Oil Palm Fibre Reinforced Concrete: 3.1 Types of Natural Fibres Used in Concrete Reinforcement 3.2 Advantages and Limitations of Oil Palm Fibre Reinforced Concrete 3.3 Significance of Tensile Properties in Concrete

4. Effects of Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunch Fibre on Tensile Strength: 4.1 Influence of Fibre Content on Tensile Strength 4.2 Aspect Ratio and Tensile Strength 4.3 Surface Treatment and Tensile Strength

5. Effects of Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunch Fibre on Toughness and Crack Resistance: 5.1 Toughness Enhancement in Concrete 5.2 Crack Resistance Improvement in Concrete 5.3 Mechanisms of Crack Arrest and Energy Dissipation

6. Factors Affecting the Performance of Concrete Reinforced with Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunch Fibre: 6.1 Fibre Orientation and Distribution 6.2 Matrix-Fibre Interface Bonding 6.3 Moisture Absorption and Durability

7. Comparison with Other Natural Fibres: 7.1 Jute Fibre Reinforced Concrete 7.2 Coconut Fibre Reinforced Concrete 7.3 Bamboo Fibre Reinforced Concrete

8. Challenges and Future Directions: 8.1 Standardization of Testing Methods 8.2 Optimization of Fibre Content and Aspect Ratio 8.3 Long-Term Performance and Durability Studies

9. Conclusion: This literature review highlights the potential of empty oil palm fruit bunch fibre as a sustainable reinforcement material for concrete. The incorporation of this fibre has shown promising improvements in the tensile strength, toughness, and crack resistance of concrete. However, further research is required to address challenges related to standardization, optimization, and long-term performance. Overall, the findings suggest that empty oil palm fruit bunch fibre can contribute to the development of eco-friendly and high-performance concrete structures.

Keywords: Tensile properties, concrete, fibre reinforcement, empty oil palm fruit bunch, sustainability.